Vodcast Video podcast (sometimes shortened to vidcast or vodcast) is a term used for the online delivery of video on demand video clip content via Atom or RSS enclosures. The term is an evolution specialized for video, coming from the generally audio-based podcast and referring to the distribution of video where the RSS feed is used as a non-linear TV channel to which consumers can subscribe using a PC, TV, set-top box, media center or mobile multimedia device.

Vector Graphics is the use of geometrical primitives such as points, lines, curves, and shapes or polygon(s), which are all based upon mathematical equations, to represent images in computer graphics. Vector graphics formats are complementary to raster graphics, which is the representation of images as an array of pixels, as it is typically used for the representation of photographic images. There are instances when working with vector tools and formats is best practice, and instances when working with raster tools and formats is best practice. There are times when both formats come together. An understanding of the advantages and limitations of each technology and the relationship between them is most likely to result in efficient and effective use of tools.

Video Card a video card, also referred to as a graphics accelerator card, display adapter, graphics card, and numerous other terms, is an item of personal computer hardware whose function is to generate and output images to a display. It operates on similar principles as a sound card or other peripheral devices. 

Virtual memory is a computer system technique which gives an application program the impression that it has contiguous working memory, while in fact may be physically fragmented and may even overflow on to disk storage. Systems that use this technique make programming of large applications easier and use real physical memory (e.g. RAM) more efficiently than those without virtual memory.

World Wide Web The World Wide Web (commonly shortened to the Web) is a system of interlinked hypertext documents accessed via the Internet. With a Web browser, a user views Web pages that may contain text, images, videos, and other multimedia and navigates between them using hyperlinks. The World Wide Web was created in 1989 by Sir Tim Berners-Lee, working at CERN in Geneva, Switzerland. Since then, Berners-Lee has played an active role in guiding the development of Web standards (such as the markup languages in which Web pages are composed), and in recent years has advocated his vision of a Semantic Web. 

Web Robots or Spider a web crawler (also known as a web spider or web robot or – especially in the FOAF community – web scutter) is a program or automated script which browses the World Wide Web in a methodical, automated manner. Other less frequently used names for web crawlers are ants, automatic indexers, bots, and worms. This process is called web crawler or spidering. Many sites, in particular search engines, use spidering as a means of providing up-to-date data. Web crawlers are mainly used to create a copy of all the visited pages for later processing by a search engine that will index the downloaded pages to provide fast searches. Crawlers can also be used for automating maintenance tasks on a website, such as checking links or validating HTML code. Also, crawlers can be used to gather specific types of information from Web pages, such as harvesting e-mail addresses (usually for spam). 

Wiki is a collection of web pages designed to enable anyone who accesses it to contribute or modify content, using a simplified markup language. Wikis are often used to create collaborative websites and to power community websites. For example, the collaborative encyclopedia Wikipedia is one of the best known wikis. Wikis are used in businesses to provide affordable and effective intranets and for Knowledge Management. Ward Cunningham, developer of the first wiki software, WikiWikiWeb, originally described it as “the simplest online database that could possibly work”. 

Web 2.0 is a term describing the trend in the use of World Wide Web technology and web design that aims to enhance creativity, information sharing, and, most notably, collaboration among users. These concepts have led to the development and evolution of web-based communities and hosted services, such as social-networking sites, wikis, blogs, and folksonomies. The term became notable after the first O’Reilly Media Web 2.0 conference in 2004.[2] [3] Although the term suggests a new version of the World Wide Web, it does not refer to an update to any technical specifications, but to changes in the ways software developers and end-users use the Web. 

Wi-Fi (IPA: /ˈwaɪfaɪ/) is the common name for a popular wireless technology used in home networks, mobile phones, video games and more. Wi-Fi is supported by nearly every modern personal computer operating system and most advanced game consoles. Web programmerA Web programmer translates the requirements of end-users and internal clients into a functional product. 

Webmaster The webmaster (feminine: webmistress), also called the web architect, the web developer, the site author, or the website administrator, is the person responsible for designing, developing, marketing, or maintaining a website.Webmasters are practitioners of web communication. Typically, they are generalists with HTML expertise who manage all aspects of Web operations.On larger sites, the webmaster will act as a coordinator and overseer to the activities of other people working on the site and is usually an employee of the owner of the Web site, hence webmaster can also be listed as an occupation. If the webmaster is hired by a larger Web site, or promoted to the position, they could do things from web design, to project management, or employee supervision. 

WYSIWYG Editors WYSIWYG (pronounced /wɪziwɪg/ or /wɪzɪwɪg/), is an acronym for What You See Is What You Get, used in computing to describe a system in which content displayed during editing appears very similar to the final output, which might be a printed document, web page, slide presentation or even the lighting for a theatrical event. 

(WAI) Web Accessibility InitiativeThe World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)’s Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI) is an effort to improve the accessibility of the World Wide Web (WWW or Web) for people using a wide range of user agent devices, not just standard web browsers. This is especially important for people with physical disabilities which require such devices to access the Web.The W3C was founded in 1994 to advance the Web. It is responsible for the development of uniform protocols to assure the interoperability of the Web. The WAI, part of the W3C, has developed a number of guidelines that can help to make Web sites more accessible, especially from the view of physically disabled people. 

Web Safe Palette Web colors are colors used in designing web pages, and the methods for describing and specifying those colors.Authors of web pages have a variety of options available for specifying colors for elements of web documents. Colors may be specified as an RGB triplet in hexadecimal format (a hex triplet); they may also be specified according to their common English names in some cases. Often a color tool or other graphics software is used to generate color values. 

Windows MediaWindows Media is a multimedia framework for media creation and distribution for Microsoft Windows. It consists of a software development kit with several application programming interfaces and a number of prebuilt technologies. 

Web Banner A web banner or banner ad is a form of advertising on the World Wide Web. This form of online advertising entails embedding an advertisement into a web page. It is intended to attract traffic to a website by linking them to the web site of the advertiser. The advertisement is constructed from an image (GIF, JPEG, PNG), JavaScript program or multimedia object employing technologies such as Silverlight, Java, Shockwave or Flash, often employing animation or sound to maximize presence. Images are usually in a high-aspect ratio shape (i.e. either wide and short, or tall and narrow) hence the reference to banners. These images are usually placed on web pages that have interesting content, such as a newspaper article or an opinion

XHTML the Extensible Hypertext Markup Language, or XHTML, is a markup language that has the same depth of expression as HTML, but also conforms to XML syntax. 

XMLThe Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a general-purpose specification for creating custom markup languages. It is classified as an extensible language because it allows its users to define their own elements. Its primary purpose is to facilitate the sharing of structured data across different information systems, particularly via the Internet, and it is used both to encode documents and to serialize data. In the latter context, it is comparable with other text-based serialization languages such as JSON and YAML. 

  Yahoo (NASDAQ: YHOO) is an American public corporation incorporated in Sunnyvale, California and a global Internet services company. It provides a range of products and services including a Web portal, a search engine, the Yahoo! Directory, Yahoo! Mail, news, and posting. It was founded by Stanford University graduate students Jerry Yang and David Filo in January of 1994 and incorporated on March 1, 1995. The company is headquartered in Sunnyvale, California in Silicon Valley. 

Zip Archive the ZIP file format is a popular lossless data compression and archival format. A ZIP file contains one or more files that have been compressed, to reduce their file size, or stored as-is. A number of compression algorithms are permitted in zip files but as of 2008 only DEFLATE is widely used and supported.

A Web search engine is designed to search for information on the World Wide Web. Information may consist of web pages, images and other types of files.Some search engines also mine data available in newsgroups, databases, or open directories. Unlike Web directories, which are maintained by human editors, search engines operate algorithmically or are a mixture of algorithmic and human input.

A scripting language, script language or extension language, is a programming language that controls a software application. “Scripts” are often treated as distinct from “programs“, which execute independently from any other application. At the same time they are distinct from the core code of the application, which is usually written in a different language, and by being accessible to the end user they enable the behavior of the application to be adapted to the user’s needs. Scripts are often, but not always, interpreted from the source code or “semi-compiled” to bytecode which is interpreted, unlike the applications they are associated with, which are traditionally compiled to native machine code for the system on which they run. Scripting languages are nearly always embedded in the application with which they are associated.

Spam Spamming is the abuse of electronic messaging systems to indiscriminately send unsolicited bulk messages. While the most widely recognized form of spam is e-mail spam, the term is applied to similar abuses in other media: instant messaging spam, Usenet newsgroup spam, Web search engine spam, spam in blogs, wiki spam, mobile phone messaging spam, Internet forum spam and junk fax transmissions.

SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) Transport Layer Security (TLS) and its predecessor, Secure Sockets Layer (SSL), are cryptographic protocols that provide secure communications on the Internet for such things as web browsing, e-mail, Internet faxing, instant messaging and other data transfers. There are slight differences between SSL and TLS, but they are essentially the same.

Streaming Media is multimedia that is constantly received by, and normally displayed to, the end-user while it is being delivered by the provider (the term “to display” is used in this article in a general sense that includes audio playback.) The name refers to the delivery method of the medium rather than to the medium itself. The distinction is usually applied to media that are distributed over telecommunications networks, as most other delivery systems are either inherently streaming (e.g. radio, television) or inherently non-streaming (e.g. books, video cassettes, audio CDs). The verb ‘to stream’ is also derived from this term, meaning to deliver media in this manner.

Scanner in computing, a scanner is a device that optically scans images, printed text, handwriting, or an object, and converts it to a digital image. Common examples found in offices are variations of the desktop (or flatbed) scanner where the document is placed on a glass window for scanning. Hand-held scanners, where the device is moved by hand, were briefly popular but are now less common due to the difficulty of obtaining a high-quality image. Mechanically driven scanners that move the document are typically used for large-format documents, where a flatbed design would be impractical.

Stop Frame Animation

Stop motion (or frame-by-frame) animation is a general term for an animation technique which makes a physically manipulated object appear to move on its own. The object is moved by extremely small amounts between individually photographed frames, creating the illusion of movement when the series of frames are played as a continuous sequence. Clay figures are often used in stop motion animations, known as claymation, for their ease of repositioning. Software applications such as Stop Motion Pro, istopmotion and monkeyjam have made the technique popular among young filmmakers.

Stock Photos Stock photography consists of existing photographs that can be licensed for specific uses. Publishers, advertising agencies, graphic artists, and others use stock photography to fulfill the needs of their creative assignments. A customer who uses stock photography instead of hiring a photographer can save time and money, but can also sacrifice creative control. Stock images can be presented in searchable online databases, purchased online, and delivered via download or email. A collection of stock photography may also be called a photo archive, picture library, image bank or photo bank. As modern stock photography distributors often carry stills, video, and illustrations, none of the existing terminology provides a perfect match.

Software Calibration calibration is the process of establishing the relationship between a measuring device and the units of measure. This is done by comparing a device or the output of an instrument to a standard having known measurement characteristics. For example the length of a stick can be calibrated by comparing it to a standard that has a known length. Once the relationship of the stick to the standard is known the stick can be used to measure the length of other things.

Saturation or saturated generally means “thoroughly full”, while unsaturated means less than full.

SLR Camera the single-lens reflex (SLR) camera uses an automatic moving mirror system which permits the photographer to see exactly what will be captured by the film or digital imaging system, as opposed to non-SLR cameras where the view through the viewfinder could be significantly different from what was captured on film.

Scrolling in computer graphics and television, scrolling or text crawling is the act of sliding a horizontal or vertical presentation of content, such as text, drawings, or images, across a screen or display window. Scrolling is often used to show large amounts of data that could not fit on the viewport all at the same time, this is commonly used in window-based computer displays. The word scroll is derived from the way in which people read scrolls of paper, by rolling up the top of the page and allowing objects lower on the page to move up. Smooth scrolling refers to a scrolling display where text appears smoothly, rather than appearing as a whole line at a time.

Thumbnail are reduced-size versions of pictures, used to make it easier to scan and recognize them, serving the same role for images as a normal text index does for words. Visual search engines and image-organizing programs normally use them, as can some modern operating systems or desktop environments, such as Windows XP, KDE, and GNOME.

Tagged Image File Format (abbreviated TIFF) is a file format for storing images, including photographs and line art. It is now under the control of Adobe Systems. Originally created by the company Aldus[1] for use with what was then called “desktop publishing”, the TIFF format is widely supported by image-manipulation applications, by publishing and page layout applications, by scanning, faxing, word processing, optical character recognition and other applications.  

 Adobe Systems, which acquired Aldus, now holds the copyright to the TIFF specification. TIFF has not had a major update since 1992, though several Aldus/Adobe technical notes have been published with minor extensions to the format, and several specifications, including TIFF/EP, have been based on the TIFF 6.0 specification.

Typography is the art, craft and techniques of type design, modifying type glyphs, and arranging type. Type glyphs (characters) are created and modified using a variety of illustration techniques. The arrangement of type is the selection of typefaces, point size, line length, leading (line spacing) and letter spacing. Typography is performed by typesetters, compositors, typographers, graphic artists, art directors, and clerical workers. Until the Digital Age, typography was a specialized occupation. Digitization opened up typography to new generations of visual designers and lay users.

The TCP/IP Model is a specification for computer network protocols created in the 1970s by DARPA, an agency of the United States Department of Defense. It laid the foundations for ARPANET, which was the world’s first wide area network and a predecessor of the Internet. The TCP/IP Model is sometimes called the Internet Reference Model, the DoD Model or the ARPANET Reference Model. TCP/IP defines a set of rules to enable computers to communicate over a network. TCP/IP provides end to end connectivity specifying how data should be formatted, addressed, shipped, routed and delivered to the right destination. The specification defines protocols for different types of communication between computers and provides a framework for more detailed standards.

Text File (sometimes spelled “textfile”) is a kind of computer file that is structured as a sequence of lines. A text file exists within a computer file system. The end of a text file is denoted by placing one or more special characters, known as an end-of-file marker, after the last line in a text file.

USB Port Universal Serial Bus (USB) is a serial bus standard to interface devices. USB was designed to allow many peripherals to be connected using a single standardized interface socket and to improve the plug-and-play capabilities by allowing devices to be connected and disconnected without rebooting the computer (hot swapping). Other convenient features include providing power to low-consumption devices without the need for an external power supply and allowing many devices to be used without requiring manufacturer specific, individual device drivers to be installed.

URL Uniform Resource Locator (URL), also known as Universal Resource Locator, is a technical, Web-related term used in two distinct meanings:

In popular usage and many technical documents, it is a synonym for Uniform Resource Identifier (URI). In popular usage, it means a web page address.

Strictly, it is a compact string of characters for a resource available via the Internet[1]. The idea of a uniform syntax for global identifiers of network-retrievable documents was the core idea of the World Wide Web. In the early times, these identifiers were variously called “document names”, “Web addresses” and “Uniform Resource Locators”. These names were misleading, however, because not all identifiers were locators, and even for those that were, this was not their defining characteristic. Nevertheless, by the time the RFC 1630 formally defined the term “URI” as a generic term best suited to the concept, the term “URL” had gained widespread popularity, which has continued to this day.

In networks, uploading and downloading refer to the two canonical directions (corresponding to send and receive) that information can move, and further defines such data as being copied and compiled (indicated by the term “loading”) to create a complete file, after a period of time. Downloading is distinguished from the related concept of streaming, which indicates a download in which the data is sequentially usable as it downloads, or “streams,” and that (typically) the data is not stored.To download is to receive data to a local system from a remote system, such as a webserver, FTP server, email server, or other similar systems. A download is any file that is offered for downloading or that has been downloaded.

OSP (Online Service Provider)  is defined as a provider of online services or network access, or the operator of facilities therefor, including an entity offering the transmission, routing, or providing of connections for digital online communications, between or among points specified by a user, of material of the user’s choosing, without modification to the content of the material as sent or received. 

Open Source In general, open source refers to any program whose source code is made available for use or modification as users or other developers see fit.  

Out of Gamut a colour that cannot be reproduced accurately by the device processing the image. 

 OpacityThe amount of light obscured by particulate pollution in the air; clear window glass has zero opacity, a brick wall is 100 percent opaque. Opacity is an indicator of changes in performance of particulate control systems.  

Photoshop A professional image-editing and graphics creation software from Adobe. It provides a large library of effects, filters and layers.  

PDA (Personal Digital Assistant) a handheld device that combines computing, telephone/fax, Internet, and networking features. A typical PDA can function as a cellular phone, fax sender, Web browser, and personal organizer.  

Portal a Web site “gateway” that provides multiple services, which could include Web searching capability, news, free-email, discussion groups, online shopping, references and other services. 

 Path (file/folder path) a path is the general form of a file or directory name, giving a file’s name and its unique location in a file system. . Plug In-A program that must be downloaded to view particular content such as animations.  

Podcast a specific type of Broadcast, where the Work is incorporated into a file (which may contain one or more works and/or other material)  

Pixel the smallest mark or dot on a screen. Short for picture element. PNG file-PNG (Portable Network Graphics) is a bitmapped image format that employs lossless data compression. PNG was created to improve and replace the GIF format, as an image-file format not requiring a patent license.  

Pixellated in computer graphics, pixelation is an effect caused by displaying a bitmap or a section of a bitmap at such a large size that individual pixels, small single-colored square display elements that comprise the bitmap, are visible to the eye.  

PDF File Portable Document Format. A computer file that contains a viewable and printable tariff document. The Acrobat Reader is needed to view tariffs.

Proxy Server is used in larger companies and organizations to improve network operations and security. It can be used to prevent direct communication between two or more networks

QuickTime is a multimedia framework developed by Apple Inc., capable of handling various formats of digital video, media clips, sound, text, animation, music, and several types of interactive panoramic images. Available for Classic Mac OS, Mac OS X and Microsoft Windows operating systems, it provides essential support for software packages including iTunes, QuickTime Player (which can also serve as a helper application for web browsers to play media files that might otherwise fail to open) and Safari. 

Quick mask mode is a powerful way of selection in Photoshop. It is a selection based on the masking of the desired portion of an image. It is used for minute and accurate selections.

 RGB the RGB color model is an additive color model in which red, green, and blue light are added together in various ways to reproduce a broad array of colors. The name of the model comes from the initials of the three additive primary colors, red, green, and blue. The main purpose of the RGB color model is for the sensing, representation, and display of images in electronic systems, such as televisions and computers, though it has also been used in conventional photography. Before the electronic age, the RGB color model already had a solid theory behind it, based in human perception of colors. 

Resolution the display resolution of a digital television or computer display typically refers to the number of distinct pixels in each dimension that can be displayed. It can be an ambiguous term especially as the displayed resolution is controlled by all different factors in cathode ray tube (CRT) and flat panel or projection displays using fixed picture-element (pixel) arrays. 

Relative & Absolute URLS absolute URL a URL that specifies the full path to the document page, which includes the domain name and protocol. Also known as an “explicit URL,” the following absolute URL points to a page on the CDE Web site. relative URL a URL that specifies only the document name. The full path is implied by the current document. 

Raster Graphics in computer graphics, a raster graphics image or bitmap, is a data structure representing a generally rectangular grid of pixels, or points of color, viewable via a monitor, paper, or other display medium. Raster images are stored in image files with varying formats (see Comparison of graphics file formats).

Rollover Button  in Rollovers, a button or image changes (swaps) itself on rolling over it (onMouseOver event) and reverts back to the original image on rolling out of the web object (onMouseOut event). The on-rollover images are preloaded into the page when it is loading, this ensures that the rollovers are displayed quickly.

 Random access memory (usually known by its acronym, RAM) is a type of computer data storage. Today it takes the form of integrated circuits that allow the stored data to be accessed in any order, i.e. at random. The word random thus refers to the fact that any piece of data can be returned in a constant time, regardless of its physical location and whether or not it is related to the previous piece of data. This contrasts with storage mechanisms such as tapes, magnetic discs and optical discs, which rely on the physical movement of the recording medium or a reading head. In these devices, the movement takes longer than the data transfer, and the retrieval time varies depending on the physical location of the next item.

The root folder of any partition is the “highest” folder in the hierarchy. The root folder contains all other folders and can also contain files.

For example, the root folder of the main partition on your computer is probably C:\. The root folder of your DVD or CD drive might be D:\.

Royalty Free Website when you want to use someone else’s art in a project of your own, you often have to pay a royalty. Some types of art are designated as royalty-free, and in this case, you do not have to pay the art’s creator a royalty when you use it. If you want to use someone else’s art on a limited budget, royalty-free art might be the way to go.

Creative works, including art, photography, music, movies, and software, are usually owned by their creator. If someone else wants to use someone’s song in a commercial, or put one of their photos on a website, the creator often earns a royalty. The royalty is a payment for each use of the creative work.

Sometimes artists create work that they sell as royalty-free. If a piece of work is royalty-free, you can purchase the right to use the work without paying a royalty each and every time the art is used. This can sometimes be a very cost-effective way for someone to use a piece of art, music, or software. The savings associated with using royalty-free works are especially high when the work will be used over and over.

Royalty-free images are free of royalties, but they are not free to use without purchase. The creator of a royalty-free song or photo still owns the work. The software, movie, or other royalty-free work belongs to its creator, and you are allowed to use it for specific purposes by paying a fee. This is usually much less than you would pay in royalties for a similar piece of work, but you are still required to pay.

Artists create royalty-free works for a number of different reasons. Sometimes the work is shorter or more simple than their usual work, and they do not feel that it merits royalty payments. Sometimes they design the work specifically for the royalty-free market, and intend to sell the rights to their work to people who might not wish to pay royalties on another work. It is up to the buyer to decide whether the royalty-free work fits the needs of his or her project.

There is a lot of royalty-free work available for a number of purposes. If you’re looking for stock photography to add spice to your website, a catchy melody for your movie, or a software program to add to your services, royalty-free works might offer you just what you’re looking for at a very reasonable price.

Laptop                   

A laptop computer, or simply laptop (also notebook computer, notebook and notepad) is a small mobile computer, which usually weighs 2-18 pounds[citation needed] (around 1 to 8 kilograms[citation needed]), depending on size, materials, and other factors.Laptops usually run on a single main battery or from an external AC/DC adapter that charges the battery while also supplying power to the computer itself. Many computers also have a 3 volt cell to run the clock and other processes in the event of a power failure.

Laptops contain components that are similar to their desktop counterparts and perform the same functions, but are miniaturized and optimized for mobile use and efficient power consumption, although typically less powerful for the same price. Laptops usually have liquid crystal displays and most of them use different memory modules for their random access memory (RAM), for instance, SO-DIMM in lieu of the larger DIMMs. In addition to a built-in keyboard, they may utilize a touchpad (also known as a trackpad) or a pointing stick for input, though an external keyboard or mouse can usually be attached.

LOWSRC attributeBasically the browser shows the lowsrc image first (or only) so something is visible, and then when the final image is loaded you show that.  If the browser knows that it has a fast connection to the target site, it can skip showing the lowsrc version entirely.

Lab ModeYou can use Lab mode to work with Photo CD images, edit the luminance and the color values in an image independently, move images between systems, and print to PostScript Level 2 and Level 3 printers. To print Lab images to other color PostScript devices, convert to CMYK first. Lab color is the intermediate color model Photoshop uses when converting from one color mode to another.

Lasso Tool      

The lasso selection tools (shortcut L) are provided in three variations. The lasso tool and polygonal lasso tool which allow you to draw both freehand and straight edge selections, whilst the magnetic lasso is ideal for edges set against high contrast backgrounds. To change from one lasso to another press shift+L.

Layer MaskLayer Masks are a very powerful part of Photoshop and that is for a couple of reasons: Layer Masks are editable selections that play an important role in non destructive editing Layer Masks offer flexibility because they can be almost completely treated as a full gray scale image, which allows the use of filters, selection tools, adjustment tools, etc. They have a visual strength, meaning that with a short look on the layers you can see how they affect the image They offer extra flexibility by being part of vector masks, layer sets, adjustment layers, etc. Layer masks allow you to save selections

LAN – (Local-Area Network)

A local-area network is a computer network covering a small geographic area, like a home, office, or group of buildings e.g. a school. The defining characteristics of LANs, in contrast to wide-area networks (WANs), include their much higher data-transfer rates, smaller geographic range, and lack of a need for leased telecommunication lines. Ethernet over unshielded twisted pair cabling, and Wi-Fi are the two most common technologies currently, but ARCNET, Token Ring and many others have been used in the past.

LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)A liquid crystal display (LCD) is a thin, flat display device made up of any number of color or monochrome pixels arrayed in front of a light source or reflector. It is often utilized in battery-powered electronic devices because it uses very small amounts of electric power.

LED (Light-emitting Diode)A light-emitting diode, usually called an LED, is a semiconductor diode that emits incoherent narrow-spectrum light when electrically biased in the forward direction of the p-n junction, as in the common LED circuit. This effect is a form of electroluminescence.An LED is usually a small area light source, often with optics added to the chip to shape its radiation pattern. LEDs are often used as small indicator lights on electronic devices and increasingly in higher power applications such as flashlights and area lighting. The color of the emitted light depends on the composition and condition of the semiconducting material used, and can be infrared, visible, or ultraviolet. LEDs can also be used as a regular household light source. Besides lighting, interesting applications include sterilization of water and disinfection of devices. LMS – (Learning Management System) A Learning Management System (or LMS) is a term used to describe software tools designed to manage user learning interventions. LMSs go far beyond conventional training records management and reporting. The value-add for LMSs is the extensive range of complementary functionality they offer. Learner self-service (e.g. self-registration on instructor-led training), training workflow (e.g. user notification, manager approval, waitlist management), the provision of on-line learning (e.g. Computer-Based Training, read & understand), on-line assessment, management of continuous professional education (CPE), collaborative learning (e.g. application sharing, discussion threads), and training resource management (e.g. instructors, facilities, equipment), are some of the additional dimensions to leading Learning Management Systems. Lithium IonLithium-ion batteries (sometimes abbreviated Li-ion batteries) are a type of rechargeable battery in which a lithium ion moves between the anode and cathode. The lithium ion moves from the anode to the cathode during discharge and from the cathode to the anode when charging. Lossy Compression A Lossy compression method is one where compressing data and then decompressing it retrieves data that may well be different from the original, but is close enough to be useful in some way. Lossy compression is most commonly used to compress multimedia data (audio, video, still images), especially in applications such as streaming media and internet telephony. On the other hand lossless compression is required for text and data files, such as bank records, text articles, etc.

Microsoft  The largest vendor of personal computer software applications and operating systems. 

Memory Stick A flash memory card type from Sony. They resemble a stick of chewing gum and vary in size.

Mouse     A hand-held device for moving the cursor or pointer on the screen. Movements of the mouse produce analogous movements of the pointer.

Mash Up In technology, a mashup is a web application that combines data from more than one source into a single integrated tool.

Meta Tags Information placed in the HTML header of a Web page, providing information that is not visible to browsers

Mirror   A mirror in computing is a direct copy of a data set. On the Internet, a mirror site is an exact copy of another Internet site

Media File These are the image, audio, video and text files – “Media Files” or Media. These files (.gif, .wav, .mpg, .txt, etc.) are also known as Assets.

Monitor A monitor is an approach to synchronizing two or more computer tasks that use a shared resource, usually a hardware device or a set of variables.

Media Player The media player is the software on the client computer that decompresses the streaming video or audio using a codec and plays it back on the computer screen

Melbourne IT Melbourne IT is an Australian internet company listed on the Australian Stock Exchange. Formed in 1996, its primary business is domain name

Megabyte approximately one million bytes, 1,024 kilobytes

Motherboard The main printed circuit board in a computer that carries the system buses. It is equipped with sockets to which all processors, memory modules

 Nano Technology Nanotechnology is a field of applied science and technology covering a broad range of topics. The main unifying theme is the control of matter on a scale smaller than 1 micrometer, normally between 1-100 nanometers, as well as the fabrication of devices on this same length scale   Notebook is software for running a client-side personal wiki. It is a desktop application, runs on GNU/Linux, Mac OS X, Windows and any other platform with Tcl/Tk support.  Network any connection of two or more computers that enables them to communicate. Networks may include transmission devices, servers, cables, routers and satellites. The phone network is the total infrastructure for transmitting phone messages.  

Network Security Administrator 

The Computer Security Administration group provides a number of services to specific departments and acts as a central point of contact regarding computer security issues for CNS, University community and external users. We endeavor to promote computing security by providing documentation on standard security practise and investigating the application and implementation of security technologies.  Non-Graphical Display Browser this invention relates to user interfaces in general, and to a telephony user interface in particular.  

Navigation the term used to describe the method of wayfinding on a website and the visual elements and areas that direct users to content.

 Noise The amount of noise that is reduced through the introduction of sound absorbing materials. The level (in decibels) of sound reduced on a logarithmic basis.

Image Capture The process of acquiring an image through electronic means such as a scanner or a digital camera  

iMac is a desktop computer designed and built by Apple Inc.  

iTunes is a media player of Apple Computer The software used for transferring music, photos and videos is called iTunes. The user can purchase digital music files from within iTunes.  

Internet, sometimes called simply “the Net,” is a worldwide system of computer networks that allows users to send and receive information from other computers. 

Index Page A default page that automatically displays when the top level of a Web site is accessed  

ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) Integrated Services Digital Network  a system of all digital, high bandwidth telephone lines allowing for the simultaneous delivery of audio, video and data. Data travels at 128K bps  

ISP (Internet Service Provider) An ISP is a business that provides an individual with access to the internet. Some methods of providing this service are through dial-up telephone, cable, or high-speed DSL circuit An Internet Protocol (IP) address is a numerical identification (logical address) that is assigned to devices participating in a computer network utilizing the Internet Protocol for communication between its nodes. Although IP addresses are stored as binary numbers, they are often displayed in more human-readable notations, such as 192.168.100.1 (for IPv4), and 2001:db8:0:1234:0:567:1:1 (for IPv6). The role of the IP address has been characterized as follows: “A name indicates what we seek. An address indicates where it is. A route indicates how to get there.” Originally, an IP address was defined as a 32-bit numberand this system, now named Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4), is still in use today. However, due to the enormous growth of the Internet and the resulting depletion of the address space, a new addressing system (IPv6), using 128 bits for the address, had to be developed. IPv6 is now being deployed across the world; in many places it coexists with the old standard and is transmitted over the same hardware and network links 

Image Map HTML information associated with a mapping of “hot spots” to image coordinate information. Clicking a hot spot links that image area to other web-based information  

JavaScript is a scripting language most often used for client-side web development. It was the originating dialect of the ECMAScript standard. It is a dynamic, weakly typed, prototype-based language with first-class functions. JavaScript was influenced by many languages and was designed to look like Java, but be easier for non-programmers to work with. Although best known for its use in websites (as client-side JavaScript), JavaScript is also used to enable scripting access to objects embedded in other applications  

JPEG  “Joint Photography Experts Group”. A compressed image format, often used for photographic images. The extension can be .jpg or .jpeg 

Java Applets small programs written in the Java programming language that can be embedded into web pages. Applet programs run on the Internet user’s computer rather than the web server’s computer. Search engines can not run Java applets  

Kai’s Power Tools  plug-in filter by Metatools. KPT have a vast array of tools i that are excellent at creating 3D effects, including filters for glass lens, page curl, and the new spheroid designer. 

Kilobyte Approx one thousand bytes (1024 bytes, to be exact). While kilobits are used to measure data transfer, kilobytes are used to measure memory  

Kerberos is a computer network authentication protocol, which allows individuals communicating over a non-secure network to prove their identity to one another in a secure manner. It is also a suite of free software published by Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) that implements this protocol. Its designers aimed primarily at a client-server model, and it provides mutual authentication — both the user and the server verify each other’s identity. Kerberos protocol messages are protected against eavesdropping and replay attacks.Kerberos builds on symmetric key cryptography and requires a trusted third party. Extensions to Kerberos can provide for the use of public-key cryptography during certain phases of authentication.

Google a popular search engine, is a tool for finding resources on the World Wide Web. Google scans web pages to find instances of the keywords you have entered in the search box.  

GIF File Graphics Interchange Format”, a type of image file (extension .gif) supporting animation and transparency but only 256 colours.  

Gaussian blur is a widely used effect in graphics software such as Adobe Photoshop, The GIMP, Inkscape, and Paint.NET. It is typically used to reduce image noise and reduce detail levels.  

Grayscale In digital photography black-and-white pictures are known as greyscales.

 Gigabyte A unit of storage measurement consisting of one billion bytes (one thousand megabytes).  

HTML (HyperText Markup Language)  markup language designed for the creation of web pages with hypertext and other information to be displayed in a web  

Hyperlink a clickable link in text or graphics on a Web page that takes you to another place on the same page, another page, or whole other site  

helper applications are support applications embedded in web browsers and other software that allow the user to open files in those types of applications or software  

Halo Effect is a ghosting or fuzziness around the elements or feature of an image this can usually be found on a low resolution jpeg image or gif image. 

Hard Drive internal computer disk drive using a non-removable storage format. 

A histogram is a plot of the number of pixels for each possible grayscale value. A histogram is a graph that shows the distribution of intensities in an image. The horizontal axis represents the full range of tonal values, the vertical axis indicates the number of pixels for each intensity value.

Hue is one of the three main attributes of perceived color, in addition to lightness and chroma (or colorfulness). Hue is also one of the three dimensions in some colorspaces along with saturation, and brightness (also known as lightness or value).

Hostname Name which officially identifies each computer attached to the Internet.

Encryption is the conversion of data into a form, called a ciphertext, that cannot be easily understood by unauthorized people. Decryption is the process of converting encrypted data back into its original form, so it can be understood

Email Electronic Mail. Text messages sent through a network to specified individuals or groups. Email messages can also carry attached files.

eCommerce Electric commerce: the conducting of business communication and transactions over networks and through computers. Specifically, ecommerce is the buying and selling of goods and services, and the transfer of funds, through digital communications.

Encoding is the process of transforming information from one format into another. The opposite operation is called decoding.

There are a number of more specific meanings that apply in certain contexts:

• Encoding (in cognition) is a basic perceptual process of interpreting incoming stimuli; technically speaking, it is a complex, multi-stage process of converting relatively objective sensory input (e.g., light, sound) into subjectively meaningful experience.
• Character encoding is a code that pairs a set of natural language characters (such as an alphabet or syllabary) with a set of something else, such as numbers or electrical pulses.
• Text encoding uses a markup language to tag the structure and other features of a text to facilitate processing by computers. (See also Text Encoding Initiative.)
• Semantics encoding of formal language A in formal language B is a method of representing all terms (e.g. programs or descriptions) of language A using language B.
• Electronic encoding transforms a signal into a code optimized for transmission or storage, generally done with a codec.
• Neural encoding is the way in which information is represented in neurons.
• Memory encoding is the process of converting sensations into memories.
• Encryption transforms information for secrecy.

Facebook is a social networking website launched on February 4, 2004.^[1] The free-access website is privately owned and operated by Facebook, Inc.

Fixed Wireless is the operation of wireless devices or systems used to connect two fixed locations (e.g., buildings) with a radio or other wireless link, such as laser bridge.[1] Usually Fixed Wireless is part of a wireless LAN infrastructure. The purpose of a Fixed Wireless link is to enable data communications between the two sites or buildings. Fixed Wireless Data links are often a cost-effective alternative to leasing fiber or installing cables between the buildings.

Forms are web pages comprised of text and “fields” for a user to fill in with information.

Definition: FTP allows you to transfer files between two computers on the Internet. FTP is a simple network protocol based on Internet Protocol and also a term used when referring to the process of copying files when using FTP technology.To transfer files with FTP, you use a program often called the “client.” The FTP client program initiates a connection to a remote computer running FTP “server” software. After the connection is established, the client can choose to send and/or receive copies of files, singly or in groups. To connect to an FTP server, a client requires a username and password as set by the administrator of the server. Many public FTP archives follow a special convention for that accepts a username of “anonymous.”Simple FTP clients are included with most network operating systems, but most of these clients (such as FTP.EXE on Windows) support a relatively unfriendly command-line interface. Many alternative freeware / shareware third-party FTP clients have been developed that support graphic user interfaces (GUIs) and additional convenience features. In any FTP interface, clients identify the FTP server either by its IP address (such as 192.168.0.1) or by its host name (such as ftp.about.com).

Many sites that run FTP servers enable anonymous ftp. Under this arrangement, users do not need an account on the server. The user name for anonymous access is typically ‘anonymous’, but historically ‘ftp’ was also used in the past; this account does not need a password.Although users are commonly asked to send their email addresses as their passwords for “authentication,” there is usually only trivial or no verification of what is actually entered. As modern FTP clients hide the login process from the user, and usually don’t know the user’s email address, the software supplies dummy passwords.

A file size is frequently expressed in bytes, kilobytes (kb) or megabytes (mb). A byte generally represents a single character, digit , or symbol (including a space) of data. Each byte is composed of 8 bits. Bits are represented as “0″ (off) or “1″ (on) and are the simplest unit used for operations in the processes of computers. This is referred to as a “binary” system of representation.- it sometimes helps if you think of a bit as working like an on/off switch or a true/false value. Thus a byte might be represented as 00000000 or 11111111 or any other 8-digit combination of zeroes and ones. The letter “a” happens to be equal to 01100001.

Freeze (Lockup)  How familiar does the following sound? Your computer was working fine, but then suddenly started locking up (aka hanging or freezing), rebooting itself (crashing) or shutting down spontaneously?

<<Feather but not the kind we mean …. In graphic design, to feather is to soften an edge of an image by making the edge gradually fade out until it becomes transparent. In computer graphics, feathering blurs the edges of an image by building a transition boundary between the selection and its surrounding pixels. 

A filename extension is a suffix to the name of a computer file applied to indicate the encoding convention (file format) of its contents. In some operating systems (for example Unix) it is optional, while in some others (such as Windows) it is a requirement. Some operating systems limit the length of the extension (such as DOS and OS/2, to three characters) while others (such as Unix) do not. Some operating systems (for example RISC OS) do not use file extensions.

A firewall is a device or set of devices configured to permit, deny, encrypt, or proxy all computer traffic between different security domains based upon a set of rules and other criteria.

Noun format (plural formats)

The layout of a document.

(hence) The form of presentation of something.

The radio station changed the format of its evening program.

(computing) A file type.

Verb to format (third-person singular simple present formats, present participle formatting, simple past and past participle formatted)

To create or edit the layout of a document.

Change a document so it will fit onto a different type of page.

(computing) To prepare a mass storage medium for initial use, erasing any existing data in the process.

I lost weeks of work when I inadvertently formatted my hard drive.

desktop
The screen you see when you turn your computer on. It contains icons you can click to enter programs or open files. At the lower edge of the screen is the taskbar which shows frequently used programs as well as those programs already opened

default
The first thing you see on your computer screen when any program has been started. The basic program, until or unless you make changes.

DVD: Officially known as the Digital Video Disc, though marketers unofficially refer to it as the Digital Versatile Disc. DVD uses a 5-inch disc with anywhere from 4.5 Gb (single layer, single-sided) to 17 Gb storage capacity (double-layer, double sided). It uses MPEG2 compression to encode 720:480p resolution, full-motion video and Dolby Digital to encode 5.1 channels of discrete audio. The disc can also contain PCM, DTS, and MPEG audio soundtracks and numerous other features. An audio-only version, DVD-A uses MLP to encode six channels of 24-bit/96-kHz audio.

DOWNLOAD: The process of moving computer data from one location to another. Though the term is normally used to describe the transfer, or downloading, of data from the Internet, it is also used to describe the transfer of photos from a camera memory card to the computer. Example: I downloaded photos to my PC

domain name: found to the right of the @ sign in an email address. Domain names come with different extensions based on whether the domain belongs. [a commercial enterprise (.com), an educational establishment (.edu), a government body (.gov), the military (.mil), a network (.net), or a nonprofit organization (.org)]

DNS server: DNS stands for Domain Name Server. These are the servers that match up a fully qualified domain with the proper IP address. This is necessary because computers only understand the IP address for your domain (e.g.- 123.45.678.90).

Digital media (as opposed to analog media) usually refers to electronic media that work on digital codes. Today, computing is primarily based on the binary numeral system. In this case digital refers to the discrete states of “0″ and “1″ for representing arbitrary data. Computers are machines that (usually) interpret binary digital data as information and thus represent the predominating class of digital information processing machines. Digital media (”Formats for presenting information” according to Wiktionary:Media) like digital audio, digital video and other digital “content” can be created, referred to and distributed via digital information processing machines. Digital media represents a profound change from previous (analog) media.

Digital data is per se independent of its interpretation (hence representation). An arbitrary sequence of digital code like “0100 0001″ might be interpreted as the decimal number 65, the hexadecimal number 41 or the glyph “A”. See also: ASCII, Code.

Florida’s digital media industry association, Digital Media Alliance Florida, defines digital media as “the creative convergence of digital arts, science, technology and business for human expression, communication, social interaction and education”.

Dreamweaver
Powerful WYSIWYG authoring software from Macromedia enabling easy creation of sites containing graphics and multimedia elements. It is one of the best programs for creating JavaScript and DHTML animations.

DSL
Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) technology provides a dedicated digital circuit between a residence and a telephone company’s central office, allowing high-speed data transport over existing twisted copper telephone lines. We offer two ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line) Internet Service options to support information transfer rates of 1.5Mbps downstream and 384Kbps upstream, or 384Kbps downstream and 128Kbps upstream.

DATABASE DEVELOPER coordinates, designs, and develops computer databases. They code, test and implement databases, applying knowledge of database management techniques.

Dynamically Generated Content: Website content that is generated by various script including asp, php, etc.

What is broadband?
Broadband is the term used for any kind of fast Internet access. Broadband is designed to give a business or residential user instant Internet access 24 hours a day.
What are the benefits of broadband?
It’s fast … generally 10-20 times faster than your existing dial-up modem. A typical dial-up modem operates at either 28.8 k bit/s or 56 kbit/s. A broadband connection operates at between 256 kbit/s and 10 Mbit/s, depending on the service you have selected. To give you an idea of the difference that this speed can make, a 3.5 minute MP3 music file takes about 18 minutes to download using a 28.8 kbit/s dial-up modem but only about 21 seconds on a 1.5 Mbit/s broadband link. An e-mail containing a family photo takes about 55 seconds at 28.8 kbit/s but only about three seconds on a 512 kbit/s link.

Bitmap:

A bitmap is one of many types of file formats for images stored in a computerized form. It carries the extension .BMP. Computers use bits of 1 and 0 to store data. A bitmap is literally a map of bits that form a particular picture when rendered to a display like a computer monitor.

A browser is an application program that provides a way to look at and interact with all the information on the World Wide Web. The word “browser” seems to have originated prior to the Web as a generic term for user interfaces that let you browse (navigate through and read) text files online. Technically, a Web browser is a client program that uses HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) to make requests of Web servers throughout the Internet on behalf of the browser user. Most browsers support e-mail and the File Transfer Protocol (FTP) but a Web browser is not required for those Internet protocols and more specialized client programs are more popular. The first Web browser, called WorldWideWeb, was created in 1990. That browser’s name was changed to Nexus to avoid confusion with the developing information space known as the World Wide Web. The first Web browser with a graphical user interface was Mosaic, which appeared in 1993. Many of the user interface features in Mosaic went into Netscape Navigator. Microsoft followed with its Internet Explorer (IE).

BRACKETS
All HTML tags are enclosed within < > brackets.
Anything that is written between the < and > brackets will be invisible, and not appear on your page.
Almost all HTML commands have an opening and a closing tag. For example, the opening tag, <center> causes all text and graphics that appear after the tag to be centered in the page. Everything will remain centered until the closing tag </center> is used.
The / is the command to close that particular function.

In the absence of a more specific context, convergence denotes the approach toward a definite value, as time goes on; or to a definite point, a common view or opinion, or toward a fixed or equilibrium state                                                                       Computing and technology: Convergence (evolutionary computing) is a means of modelling the tendency for genetic characteristics of populations to stabilize over time. Premature convergence is an anomaly in Evolutionary computation in which the population evolved to some stable yet sub-optimal state. Technological convergence refers to a trend where some technologies having distinct functionalities evolve to technologies that overlap, i.e. multiple products come together to form one product, with the advantages of each initial component  Connectivity The pragmatic definition: Connectivity is the unbiased transport of packets between two end points. This is also the essential definition of “IP” (Internet Protocol).

Apple 1976 to 1980: The early years

^o

The Apple I, Apple’s first product. Sold as an assembled circuit board, it lacked basic features such as a keyboard, monitor, and case. The owner of this unit added a keyboard and a wooden case.

Apple was founded on April 1, 1976 by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, and Ronald Wayne^[9] (and later incorporated January 3, 1977^[4] without Wayne, who sold his share of the company back to Jobs and Wozniak) to sell the Apple I personal computer kit. They were hand-built by Steve Wozniak^[10][11] in the living room of Jobs’ parents’ home, and the Apple I was first shown to the public at the Homebrew Computer Club.^[12] Eventually 200 computers were built. The Apple I was sold as a motherboard (with CPU, RAM, and basic textual-video chips) — not what is today considered a complete personal computer.^[13] The user was required to provide two different AC input voltages (the manual recommended specific transformers), wire an ASCII keyboard (not provided with the computer) to a DIP connector (providing logic inverter and alpha lock chips in some cases), and to wire the video output pins to a monitor or to an RF modulator if a TV set was used. The Apple I went on sale in July 1976 and was market-priced at $666.66.^{[14][15][16][17]}

Jobs approached a local computer store, The Byte Shop, which ordered fifty units and paid US$500 for each unit after much persuasion. He then ordered components from Cramer Electronics, a national electronic parts distributor. Using a variety of methods, including borrowing space from friends and family and selling various items including a Volkswagen Type 2 bus, Jobs managed to secure the parts needed while Wozniak and Ronald Wayne assembled the Apple I.^[18]

The Apple II was introduced on April 16, 1977 at the first West Coast Computer Faire. It differed from its major rivals, the TRS-80 and Commodore PET, because it came with color graphics and an open architecture. While early models used ordinary cassette tapes as storage devices, this was quickly superseded by the introduction of a 5 1/4 inch floppy disk drive and interface, the Disk II.^{[citation needed]}

Another key to business for Apple was software. The Apple II was chosen by programmers Dan Bricklin and Bob Frankston to be the desktop platform for the first “killer app” of the business world—the VisiCalc spreadsheet program.^[19] VisiCalc created a business market for the Apple II, and the corporate market attracted many more software and hardware developers to the machine, as well as giving home users an additional reason to buy one—compatibility with the office.^[19] (See the timeline for dates of Apple II family model releases—the 1977 Apple II and its younger siblings the II+, IIe, IIc, and IIGS.)

According to Brian Bagnall’s book, “On the Edge” (pp. 109-112), Apple exaggerated its sales figures, and Apple was a distant third place until VisiCalc came along. VisiCalc was first released on Apple II because Commodore and Tandy computers were tied up in VisiCalc’s software development office due to their popularity. VisiCalc’s association with Apple was thus pure happenstance, not a technical decision. Even after VisiCalc, Apple II did not surpass the Tandy TRS-80, whose sales were helped by the large number of Radio Shack stores. However, VisiCalc did put Apple ahead of Commodore’s PET, at least in the US. (Commodore later regained the lead for a while with the Commodore 64 in the mid 80s, the best selling specific model of computer to date.)^[20]

By the end of the 1970s, Jobs and his partners had a staff of computer designers and a production line. The Apple II was succeeded by the Apple III in May 1980 as the company struggled to compete against IBM and Microsoft in the lucrative business and corporate computing market. The designers of the Apple III were forced to comply with Jobs’ request to omit the cooling fan, and this ultimately resulted in thousands of recalled units due to overheating.^[21] An updated version, the Apple III+, was introduced in 1983, but it was also a failure due to bad press and wary buyers.

Apple’s sustained growth during the early 1980s was partly due to its leadership in the education sector, attributed to their adaptation of the programming language LOGO, used in many schools with the Apple II. The drive into education was accentuated in California with the donation of one Apple II and one Apple LOGO software package to each public school in the state. The deal concluded between Steve Jobs and Jim Baroux of LCSI, and having required the support of Sacramento, established a strong and pervasive presence for Apple in all schools throughout California. The initial conquest of education environments was critical to Apple’s acceptance in the home where the earliest purchases of computers by parents was in support of children’s continued learning experience.^{[citation needed]}

Animation is the rapid display of a sequence of images of 2-D artwork or model positions in order to create an illusion of movement. It is an optical illusion of motion due to the phenomenon of persistence of vision, and can be created and demonstrated in a number of ways. The most common method of presenting animation is as a motion picture or video program, although several other forms of presenting animation also exist.

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Adobe celebrates 25th anniversary

Adobe’s commitment to revolutionizing how the world engages with ideas and information is as strong today as it was when the company was founded in 1982. Over the years, Adobe has helped redefine industries with technologies and products such as:

• PostScript® and PDF for the print industry
• Dreamweaver® and Flash® for the web
• Adobe Premiere® and After Effects® for film and TV
• LiveCycle® and Flex™ for the enterprise
• Adobe AIR™ for extending rich Internet applications to the desktop
• Award-winning software like Photoshop® and Acrobat® that spans all industries, serving customers of every size

Interactive timeline

Explore the people, products, events, and milestones that make up the history of Adobe Systems Incorporated.

Adobe: 25 Years of Magic

Download this comprehensive retrospect, 45 full-color pages detailing Adobe’s 25 years of innovation

The Birth of Anime

During and after the Second World War, there was a man by the name of Osamu Tezuka. A factory worker during the war and an aspiring doctor, Tezuka was heavily influenced by the early animation of Disney and the Flesicher Brothers in the West. As a child, Tezuka found solace and enjoyment in his father’s projector reels featuring characters such as Mickey Mouse and Donald Duck. He also found popularity and respect among his peers for imitating the style of the cartoons he saw, by drawing ones of his own. It was this early love of animation that would fuel not only his future success, but also, ultimately, the birth of anime and manga as we know it today.

Historians and knowledgeable fans alike agree that Tezuka was the precursor to both manga and anime, and there’s definitely good reasoning and evidence behind it. He was the first to come out with a novel-length drawn story (titled “Shintakarajima”, or “New Treasure Island”) in 1947, the very first well-known “tankoubon” or “graphic novel” as the West calls them. In 1963, he was the first to produce an internationally successful animation series in “Testuwan Atom”, or, as we know it, “Astro Boy”. Along with Toei Animation (which Tezuka had worked with as a character designer), Tezuka’s Mushi Productions was among the first in Japanese animation studios.

In both his drawn stories and in his animation, Tezuka was a pioneer to the Japanese. Drawing on the influences of the cartoons he watched as a child, Tezuka used large heads and expressive faces in his style of drawing. The unusually large eyes especially were of note, as Tezuka wanted to be able to display a range of emotions for his characters, and felt that large eyes were essential to achieving this. This drawing and animation style of Tezuka’s would go on to influence many future anime and manga artists, and the trend can still be seen today in many popular anime.

Tezuka and his studio were also revolutionaries in that they told overhanging plot and stories with their animation. Unlike the West, where individual cartoons were mostly episodic in nature (i.e. “stand-alone”), Tezuka’s “Astro Boy” and later work “Kimba the White Lion” told a continuing story revolving around recurring characters, both heroes and villains. Characters were also subject to change – for example, Kimba eventually grows from a young lion into an adult lion.This use of plot elements, previously seen only in live-action TV series, was something that would become one of the main appeals and selling points of anime for most, if not all its fans.

Anime Today: Where it is, Where it’s Going

Today, anime is alive and well, but also continuing to evolve and grow. In Japan, new series are shown on TV networks every day, with seemingly no end in sight, and well-established studios such as Toei still stand among newer animation studios to create new and exciting anime series. Though in 2001, an economical recession seems to have hit Japan, the anime medium is chugging along nicely, at least from an international point of view. The continued release of anime in Japan ensures its life even in the face of economic hardship.

Internationally, and especially in the West, the anime movement has grown to new heights at the start of the 21st century. Companies such as Bandai Entertainment, Viz Video, ADV Films, and Pioneer have become larger and more profitable than in previous years, able to release many popular series from Japan in both VHS and the new DVD format. An increasing fan base and plenty of future appealing releases has legitimized the existence of these tireless individuals who work to bring Japanese animation to other shores, in original Japanese and dubbed formats. The internet boom has also served to fuel awareness of anime, with sites like our own AnimeInfo.org and others helping to inform and cultivate interest in the medium, and others like Rightstuf.com and Animenation.com serving as vendors for anime-related merchandise. Anime conventions in the USA, such as the West Coast’s Anime Expo, Midwest’s Anime Central, and East Coast’s Otakon have also been a factor in brining together anime fans of all ages in appreciation of the near 50 year old medium.

In the general public eye, anime is still making progress as a properly recognized medium. Though stereotypes and misrepresentations (as well as fair and objective stories) are still present in the mainstream media, the recognition of anime has still made progress from its roots in the 70’s and even from the boom of the 80’s and 90’s. Akira, the 1988 cult hit, is being remastered for release worldwide and should be out very soon. Recent animated feature films “Perfect Blue” and “Princess Mononoke” have piqued the curiosity of many people not very familiar with anime (and in the case of “Princess Mononoke”, mainstream actors were even cast as English dub voices). And Cartoon Network’s Toonami, while criticized by some anime fans for broadcasting heavily edited and watered down anime series, has nevertheless served as a huge influence in the past year or so to bring in new anime fans, with its broadcasts of the “Tenchi Muyo” series, “Dragonball Z”, “Gundam Wing”, and “The Big O”, among others.

With these and many more factors in place, the outlook looks very good for anime as it works to stay a fresh and exciting medium for many fans both nationally and internationally. The history of anime is a very progressive one, showing a medium that has changed and evolved so much over the years. The future, perhaps, may bring us to even more changes to benefit Japanese animation and its many fans.

AVI, an acronym for Audio Video Interleave, is a multimedia container format introduced by Microsoft in November 1992, as part of the Video for Windows technology. AVI files contain both audio and video data in a standard container that allows simultaneous playback. Like DVDs, AVI files support multiple audio and video streams, although these features are rarely used. Most AVI files also use the file format extensions developed by the Matrox OpenDML group in February 1996. These files are supported by Microsoft, and are known unofficially as “AVI 2.0″. It is a special case of the Resource Interchange File Format (RIFF), which divides the file’s data up into data blocks called “chunks”. Each “chunk” is identified by a FourCC tag. An AVI file takes the form of a single chunk in an RIFF formatted file, which is then subdivided into two mandatory “chunks” and one optional “chunk”. The whole structure of RIFF file is actually copied from earlier IFF format devised by Electronic Arts in mid-eighties, the only difference being the endianness of integers inside it, and initial FourCC. In fact, properly written IFF parser for AmigaOS, after correcting for endianness should parse RIFF files just fine. The first sub-chunk is identified by the “hdrl” tag. This chunk is the file header and contains metadata about the video such as the width, height and the number of frames. The second sub-chunk is identified by the “movi” tag. This chunk contains the actual audio/visual data that make up the AVI movie. The third optional sub-chunk is identified by the “idx1″ tag and indexes the location of the data chunks within the file. By way of the RIFF format, the audio/visual data contained in the “movi” chunk can be encoded or decoded by a software module called a codec. The codec translates between raw data and the data format inside the chunk. An AVI file may therefore carry audio/visual data inside the chunks in almost any compression scheme, including: Full Frames (Uncompressed), Intel Real Time Video, Indeo, Cinepak, Motion JPEG, Editable MPEG, VDOWave, ClearVideo / RealVideo, QPEG, MPEG-4, XviD, DivX and others.  

What Are Active Server Pages?

Active Server Pages (ASPs) are Web pages that contain server-side scripts in addition to the usual mixture of text and HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) tags. Server-side scripts are special commands you put in Web pages that are processed before the pages are sent from your Personal Web Server to the Web browser of someone who’s visiting your Web site. . When you type a URL in the Address box or click a link on a Web page, you’re asking a Web server on a computer somewhere to send a file to the Web browser (sometimes called a “client”) on your computer. If that file is a normal HTML file, it looks exactly the same when your Web browser receives it as it did before the Web server sent it. After receiving the file, your Web browser displays its contents as a combination of text, images, and sounds.

In the case of an Active Server Page, the process is similar, except there’s an extra processing step that takes place just before the Web server sends the file. Before the Web server sends the Active Server Page to the Web browser, it runs all server-side scripts contained in the page. Some of these scripts display the current date, time, and other information. Others process information the user has just typed into a form, such as a page in the Web site’s guestbook.

To distinguish them from normal HTML pages, Active Server Pages are given the “.asp” extension.

What Can You Do with Active Server Pages?

There are many things you can do with Active Server Pages.

• You can display date, time, and other information in different ways.
• You can make a survey form and ask people who visit your site to fill it out, send emails, save the information to a file, etc

What Do Active Server Pages Look Like?

The appearance of an Active Server Page depends on who or what is viewing it. To the Web browser that receives it, an Active Server Page looks just like a normal HTML page. If a visitor to your Web site views the source code of an Active Server Page, that’s what they see: a normal HTML page. However, the file located in the server  looks very different. In addition to text and HTML tags, you also see server-side scripts. This is what the Active Server Page looks like to the Web server before it is processed and sent in response to a request.

What Do Server-Side Scripts Look Like?

Server-side scripts look a lot like HTML tags. However, instead of starting and ending with lesser-than ( < ) and greater-than ( > ) brackets, they typically start with <% and end with %>. The <% is called an opening tag, and the %> is called a closing tag. In between these tags are the server-side scripts. You can insert server-side scripts anywhere in your Web page–even inside HTML tags.

Do You Have to Be a Programmer to Understand Server-Side Scripting?

There’s a lot you can do with server-side scripts without learning how to program. For this reason, much of the online Help for Active Server Pages is written for people who are familiar with HTML but aren’t computer programmers.

America Online (AOL) is a global Web services company that operates some of the most popular Web destinations, offers a comprehensive suite of free software and services runs one of the largest Internet access businesses in the U.S., and provides a full set of advertising solutions. A majority-owned subsidiary of Time Warner Inc. AOL LLC and its subsidiaries have operations in the U.S., Europe, Canada and Asia.

BLURAY >>>>> Yes???           No??? Ok so what is it ?

Blu-ray, also known as Blu-ray Disc (BD), is the name of a next-generation optical disc format jointly developed by the Blu-ray Disc Association (BDA), a group of the world’s leading consumer electronics, personal computer and media manufacturers (including Apple, Dell, Hitachi, HP, JVC, LG, Mitsubishi, Panasonic, Pioneer, Philips, Samsung, Sharp, Sony, TDK and Thomson). The format was developed to enable recording, rewriting and playback of high-definition video (HD), as well as storing large amounts of data. The format offers more than five times the storage capacity of traditional DVDs and can hold up to 25GB on a single-layer disc and 50GB on a dual-layer disc. This extra capacity combined with the use of advanced video and audio codecs will offer consumers an unprecedented HD experience.

MMMMMM Blackberry   OOOOPS wrong kind

The BlackBerry is a wireless handheld device introduced in 1999 which supports push   e-mail, mobile telephone, text messaging, internet faxing, web browsing and other wireless information services. Developed by the Canadian company Research In Motion (RIM), it delivers information over the wireless data networks of mobile phone service companies. BlackBerry first made headway in the marketplace by concentrating on e-mail. RIM currently offers BlackBerry e-mail service to non-BlackBerry devices, such as the Palm Treo, through the BlackBerry Connect software. The original BlackBerry device had a monochrome display, but all current models have color displays

BLUETOOTH  Bluetooth is a standard and communications protocol primarily designed for low power consumption, with a short range (power-class-dependent: 1 meter, 10 meters, 100 meters) based on low-cost transceiver microchips in each device. Bluetooth enables these devices to communicate with each other when they are in range. The devices use a radio communications system, so they do not have to be in line of sight of each other, and can even be in other rooms, as long as the received transmission is powerful enough.

Cartoon by Dave Walker. Find more cartoons you can freely re-use on your blog at We Blog Cartoons.